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Chemistry: collectible invention cards

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Born from alchemy, chemistry became a science of its own in the 18th century. It learned to identify the elements and to sort them in the table of elements that Mendeleev published in 1869. It then supplied industry with new metals, plastics and medicines.

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Acheson process, by Edward Goodrich Acheson

Acheson process

by Edward Goodrich Acheson

He set out to make diamonds and got only blue crystals. Edward Acheson heated a mix of clay and coke in a cast-iron crucible with an electric arc. He then spotted small shining crystals stuck to the electrode. They were silicon carbide and he called them carborundum.

Photo: John Faithfull (CC BY-SA 2.0 uk)

Coade stone, by Eleanor Coade

Coade stone

by Eleanor Coade

In eighteenth-century London brick façades called for ornaments. Eleanor Coade made them in a ceramic that passed for stone. They could be moulded in series since the moulds served several times. It resisted weather and the city's corrosive air.

Photo: Own work Don Jay (Public domain)

Czochralski method, by Jan Czochralski

Czochralski method

by Jan Czochralski

A seed crystal touches a molten bath then rises slowly while turning. The liquid sets on it in the same order: out comes a single crystal several centimetres long.

Photo: Saperaud~commonswiki (CC BY-SA 3.0)

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