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Electricity: collectible invention cards

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Electricity went from a parlour curiosity to the backbone of the modern world. In the 19th century batteries and dynamos learned to produce it. Distribution grids then brought light and power into cities. Today it powers almost every everyday object.

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Alexanderson alternator, by Ernst Alexanderson

Alexanderson alternator

by Ernst Alexanderson

Spin an alternator fast enough and it gives off radio energy: the idea had been around since a lecture by Frederick Trouton in 1891. In 1904 Reginald Fessenden signed with General Electric to get one making 100000 Hz.

Photo: Gunther Tschuch (CC BY 2.5)

Darlington transistor, by Sidney Darlington

Darlington transistor

by Sidney Darlington

Putting two transistors one behind the other gives a component with a much greater current gain: it equals the product of the two gains. An engineer at Bell Laboratories had the idea in 1953.

Photo: Raimond Spekking (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Geissler tube, by Heinrich Geißler

Geissler tube

by Heinrich Geißler

A glassblower in Bonn sealed an electrode at each end of a cylinder partly emptied of air. Under high voltage the gas lit up. It is the ancestor of neon lighting.

Photo: M. Rapine (Public domain)

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